Endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, typically manifests as fever, lethargy, sweating, decreased appetite and weight loss. These symptoms usually develop over several weeks, but in severe cases, they can appear within days. If endocarditis is suspected, it is crucial to seek urgent medical advice.
Diagnosis involves blood tests to identify the cause(s) and an echocardiogram (heart scan) to assess the impact on heart function.
Treatment is tailored based on the results of these investigations and the severity of the infection. It typically includes a course of antibiotics lasting 4–6 weeks, with the initial phase often administered intravenously.
With modern antibiotics, endocarditis is usually treatable and curable.
Infections in the heart can occur for no apparent reason, but are more common if the teeth are rotten - germs spread into the bloodstream and infect the heart. Good dental hygiene is therefore important, as are regular dental visits.
Good dental hygiene is essential, especially for children and adults with congenital heart disease, as poor dental health can lead to infections spreading to the heart. Therefore, regular dental check-ups are crucial.
Inform your dentist about any heart condition before any treatment. To prevent germs from entering the bloodstream and affecting the heart, a single dose of antibiotics may be given one hour prior to dental procedures.
The main conditions that require antibiotic prophylaxis would include:
Exercise is beneficial, even for those with heart conditions. It improves heart function, overall well-being and is associated with increased life expectancy and reduced heart disease risk in later life. It also aids in weight control and in reducing blood pressure.
Different types of exercise, such as static (e.g. weight-lifting) and dynamic (e.g. running), have varying impacts on the body and heart. Children with heart conditions should consult their doctor to determine safe levels and types of exercise, especially in school settings where physical activities can be intensive.
Most children with heart disease can follow the standard vaccination schedule. However, those with immune deficiencies, such as DiGeorge syndrome or isomerism, or those who are receiving immunosuppression, such as post-transplantation, may require a modified vaccination schedule.
Before travelling, especially long distances or to unusual destinations, we recommend to:
Use support stockings and take aspirin or an equivalent unless your doctor advises against it.
Special diets are not normally required for those with heart disease, but a balanced diet is important. Maintaining a normal weight is crucial as excess weight increases the heart’s workload.
Children with heart disease are generally not more prone to infections. However, some may be susceptible to chest infections or have associated immune deficiencies, particularly those with holes in the heart (ASD, VSD, PDA). Viral infections are common and usually resolve without antibiotics, but medical advice should be sought in case of uncertainty.
Not all children with heart disease require medication. Those who do may need it for fluid reduction, aiding heart pumping, rhythm control or blood thinning.
While these medications are generally safe, side effects can occur, especially when other illnesses or medication changes. Any unusual symptoms or side effects should be promptly reported to the doctor.
Most women with heart disease can have a normal pregnancy and delivery. Exceptions may include those with severe cyanosis or pulmonary hypertension, where pregnancy can pose significant risks.
It is essential to seek medical advice before pregnancy so the process can be monitored and, if treatment is necessary, provided early.
The risk of heart disease in offspring varies, with some evidence suggesting that maternal vitamin intake before and during early pregnancy may reduce risks.
